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Subjunctive Mood

Denotes that which is objectively possible, contingent upon certain existing and known facts.

Hortatory Subjunctive

The speaker or writer uses the first-person plural to exhort others to join with him in an action. It is translated “let us.” Here the subjunctive may be used in a main clause to express exhortation, request, or proposal, thus supplying the lack of the first person in the imperative mood.

The Subjunctive of Prohibition

This use nearly always employs the second person aorist subjunctive to express a negative entreaty or command. It forbids the beginning of an act and may be translated “don’t even start…”. The third person may be used with dependent clauses of fear or warning in addition to prohibition.

The Deliberative Subjunctive

This use denotes perplexity on the part of the writer or speaker. He uses the subjunctive to express a question which is either a simple rhetorical device which expects no answer at all, or a real question which expects an answer in the imperative mood.

The Subjunctive of Emphatic Negation

The double negative οὐ μή is employed for special stress. It is the strongest way to negate a future activity.

The Final Subjunctive

In this use the subjunctive occurs in a subordinate clause to express purpose. This usual construction employs ἳνα, However occasionally ὃπως or ὣς is used.
When the present subjunctive is used the action of the verb is prolonged or repeated.
When the aorist is used a single action is described or there is no stress on the continuation of the activity.
When the perfect subjunctive is used the completed state of the probable action is emphasized.

The Probable Future Subjunctive

This use, employing the third-class condition or any object or conditional clause, indicates that which will probably take place in the future. The subjunctive with εἂν is used, sometimes it is possible or uncertain with a potential for a decision. There is an element of likelihood involved.

Subjunctive Mood

Potential

Present

Active
λύ ωλύ ω μεν
λύ ηςλύ η τε
λύ ῃλύ ω σι
Middle/Passive
λύ ω μαιλύ ω μεθα
λύ ῃλύ η σθε
λύ η ταιλύ ω νται

1st Aorist

Active
λύ σ ωλύ σ ω μεν
λύ σ ῃ ςλύ σ η τε
λύ σ ῃλύ σ ω σι
Middle
λύ σ ω μαι λύ σ ω μεθα
λύ σ η λύ σ η σθε
λύ σ η ται λύ σ ω νται
Passive
λυ θ ῶ λυ θ ῶ μεν
λύ θ ῃ ς λυ θ ῆ τε
λύ θ ῃ λυ θ ῶ σι

2nd Aorist

Active
λίπ ωλίπ ω μεν
λίπ ῃ ςλίπ ῃ τε
λίπ ῃλίπ ω σι
Middle
λίπ ω μαιλίπ ῳ μεθα
λίπ ῃλίπ η σθε
λίπ η ταιλίπ ω νται
Passive
λίπ ῶλίπ ῶ μεν
λίπ ῇ ςλίπ ῆ τε
λίπ ῆλίπ ῶ σι

1st Perfect

Active
λε λὺ κ ω λε λὺ κ ω μεν
λε λὺ κ ῃς λε λὺ κη τε
λε λὺ κ ῃ λε λὺ κ ω σι
Middle
λε λυ μενος ὦλε λυ μενοι ὦ μεν
λε λυ μενος ᾖ ςλε λυ μενοι ᾖ τε
λε λυ μενος ᾖλε λυ μενοι ὦ σι

2nd Perfect

Active
λε λοίπ ωλε λοίπ ω μεν
λε λοίπ ῃ ςλε λοίπ η τε
λε λοίπ ῃλε λοίπ ω σι